Essential Questions to ask if you or a loved one has been diagnosed with Mesothelioma ***IMPORTANT***

Malignant Mesothelioma

Posted on: October 4, 2023 *Updated on: May 27, 2024

Malignant mesothelioma is a rare and aggressive form of cancer that primarily arises from the mesothelial cells lining the pleura (lungs), peritoneum (abdomen), and, less commonly, the pericardium (heart) or the tunica vaginalis (testicles). The primary risk factor for developing mesothelioma is exposure to asbestos, a group of naturally occurring silicate minerals.

Here’s a detailed breakdown:

1. Types of Malignant Mesothelioma:

  • Pleural Mesothelioma: Affects the lining of the lungs. It’s the most common form, accounting for about 80-90% of cases.
  • Peritoneal Mesothelioma: Affects the lining of the abdomen.
  • Pericardial Mesothelioma: Affects the lining around the heart. It is rare.
  • Testicular Mesothelioma: Affects the lining around the testicles. Extremely rare.

2. Causes and Risk Factors:

  • Asbestos Exposure: The primary risk factor. Asbestos fibers, when inhaled or ingested, can become trapped in the mesothelial tissue, causing inflammation and genetic damage over time.
  • Duration & Intensity: The longer and more intense the exposure, the higher the risk.
  • Smoking: Does not directly cause mesothelioma but may increase the risk when combined with asbestos exposure.
  • Other: Some cases have been associated with radiation exposure, exposure to the simian virus 40 (SV40), and genetic predisposition.

3. Symptoms: These can vary based on the type of mesothelioma.

  • Pleural: Chest pain, persistent cough, shortness of breath, unexplained weight loss, and pleural effusions (fluid buildup).
  • Peritoneal: Abdominal pain, swelling or fluid in the abdomen, nausea, and weight loss.
  • Pericardial: Heart palpitations, chest pain, and fluid around the heart.

4. Diagnosis:

  • Imaging: X-rays, CT scans, and MRIs can identify tumors or abnormalities.
  • Biopsy: A sample of tissue is taken to determine the presence of cancerous cells.
  • Blood Tests: Certain biomarkers may suggest mesothelioma, but they are not definitive.

5. Treatment:

  • Surgery: Removal of the tumor and surrounding tissue. May not be an option for all patients.
  • Chemotherapy: Drugs to kill or slow the growth of cancer cells.
  • Radiation: High-energy beams to target and kill cancer cells.
  • Targeted Therapy & Immunotherapy: Newer treatments that target specific aspects of cancer cells or use the body’s immune system to fight the cancer.

6. Prognosis: Generally, the prognosis for mesothelioma is poor due to its aggressive nature and late diagnosis. However, early detection and appropriate treatment can extend survival.

7. Prevention:

  • Limit Asbestos Exposure: Asbestos use has been banned or restricted in many countries, but it’s still present in many older buildings and products.
  • Occupational Safety: Workers in industries with potential asbestos exposure should use protective equipment and follow safety regulations.

If you or someone you know suspects they have been exposed to asbestos or are showing symptoms, it’s essential to see a medical professional for evaluation.